Dưới đây IDV hướng dẫn cách tìm ra đáp án đúng kèm giải thích chi tiết câu trả lời cho Ielts Reading sách Cam 14 Test 1. Chúc bạn học tốt và vượt aim nhé:

1. Đáp án: creativity

Keywords: magical kingdom, develop

Đoạn 1: “Although she isn’t aware of it, this fantasy is helping her take her first steps towards her capacity for creativity and so it will have important repercussions in her adult life”.

2. Đáp án: rules

Keywords: board games, turn-taking

Đoạn 2: “Later on, when they tire of this and settle down with a board game, she’s learning about the need to follow rules and take turns with a partner”.

take turns ~ turn-taking

3. Đáp án: cities

Keywords: populations, grown

Đoạn 5: “But we live in changing times, and Whitebread is mindful of a worldwide decline in play, pointing out that over half the people in the world now live in cities”.

changing times ~ recent changes

4. Đáp án: traffic

Keywords: free play, limited, fear, increased, schools

Đoạn 5: “Outdoor play is curtailed by perceptions of risk to do with traffic”.

limited ~ curtailed

fear ~ perceptions of risk

5. Đáp án: crime

Keywords: free play, limited, fear, increased, schools

Đoạn 5: “… as well as parents’ increased wish to protect their children from being the victims of crime…”

fear ~ wish to protect their children from something

6. Đáp án: competition

Keywords: free play, limited, fear, increased, schools

Đoạn 5: “…and by the emphasis on ‘earlier is better’ which is leading to greater competition in academic learning and schools”.

increased ~ greater

7. Đáp án: evidence

Keywords: difficult, find, support, new policies

Đoạn 6: “But what they often lack is the evidence to base policies on”.

to base policies on ~ to support new policies

what they lack ~ it is difficult to find

8. Đáp án: life

Keywords: research, study, impact, play, the rest, the child’s

Đoạn 7: “there is very little data on the impact it has on the child’s later life”.

later ~ the rest

9. Đáp án: TRUE

Keywords: children, self-control, well, school, later

Đoạn 8: “the ability to self-regulate has been shown to be a key predictor of academic performance”.

self-regulate ~ to control oneself

10. Đáp án: TRUE

Keywords: plays, information, medical problems

Đoạn 13: “Gibson adds: ‘Playful behaviour is also an important indicator of healthy social and emotional development. In my previous research, I investigated how observing children at play can give us important clues about their well-being and can even be useful in the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders like autism.’”

give us important clues ~ provide information

the way that children play ~ playful behaviour

11. Đáp án: NOT GIVEN

Keywords: dolls, benefit, writing

Đoạn 14: “Children wrote longer and better-structured stories when they first played with dolls representing characters in the story”.

Không đề cập đến “Playing with dolls was found to benefit girls’ writing more than boys’ writing”.

12. Đáp án: FALSE

Keywords: problems, ideas, create story, Lego

Đoạn 14: “’Many teachers commented that they had always previously had children saying they didn’t know what to write about. With the Lego building, however, not a single child said this…’”

think up ideas ~ create the story

13. Đáp án: TRUE

Keywords: play, regard, less significant, past

Đoạn cuối: “Somehow the importance of play has been lost in recent decades. It’s regarded as something trivial, or even as something negative that contrasts with “work”.”

14. Đáp án: E

Keywords: people, misused, bike-sharing, scheme

Đoạn E: “The system, however, was prone to vandalism and theft. ‘After every weekend there would always be a couple of bikes missing,’”.

15. Đáp án: C

Keywords: explanation, proposed, bike-sharing scheme, turned down

Đoạn C: “Nevertheless, the council unanimously rejected the plan. ‘They said that the bicycle belongs to the past. They saw a glorious future for the car’…”.

turn down ~ reject

scheme ~ plan

16. Đáp án: F

Keywords: reference, person, unable, profit, work

Đoạn F: “But financially I didn’t really benefit from it, because I never filed for a patent”.

profit = benefit

17. Đáp án: C

Keywords: explanation, potential, savings, bike-sharing scheme

Đoạn C: “It turned out that a white bicycle – per person, per kilometre – would cost the municipality only 10% of what it contributed to public transport per person per kilometre”.

18. Đáp án: A

Keywords: reference, problems, bike-sharing scheme, intended, solve

Đoạn A: “They believed the scheme, which was known as the Witte Fietsenplan, was an answer to the perceived threats of air pollution and consumerism”.

problems = threats

19 & 20. Đáp án: B / D

Keywords: two, statements, Amsterdam, bike-sharing, scheme, 1999

Đoạn D: “People had become more environmentally conscious, and the Danish experiment had proved that bike-sharing was a real possibility”.  ~ D. It was made possible by a change in people’s attitudes.

Đoạn E: “To continue the project we would have needed to set up another system, but the business partner had lost interest”. ~ B. It failed when a partner in the scheme withdrew support.

21 & 22. Đáp án: D / E

Keywords: two, statements, Amsterdam, today

Đoạn G: “In Amsterdam today, 38% of all trips are made by bike and, along with Copenhagen, it is regarded as one of the two most cycle-friendly capitals in the world -but the city never got another Witte Fietsenplan”. ~ E. The city has a reputation as a place that welcomes cyclists.

Đoạn G: “People who travel on the underground don’t carry their bikes around. But often they need additional transport to reach their final destination.’” ~ D. A bike-sharing scheme would benefit residents who use public transport.

23. Đáp án: activists

Keywords: people, belonged, this group

Đoạn A: “Provo, the organisation that came up with the idea, was a group of Dutch activists who wanted to change society”.

24. Đáp án: consumerism

Keywords: concerned, about, damage, environment, and

Đoạn A: “They believed the scheme, which was known as the Witte Fietsenplan, was an answer to the perceived threats of air pollution and consumerism”.

25. Đáp án: leaflets

Keywords: painting, bikes, white, handed out, condemned, use of cars

Đoạn A: “They also distributed leaflets describing the dangers of cars and inviting people to use the white bikes”.

condemn ~ disapprove

hand out = distribute

26. Đáp án: police

Keywords: scheme, not, success, Provo, left, bikes, city, took, away

Đoạn B: “The police were opposed to Provo’s initiatives and almost as soon as the white bikes were distributed around the city, they removed them”.

take away = remove

as quickly as = as soon as

27. Đáp án: E

Keywords: hotel, managers, need, know, encourage, good, staff, remain

Đoạn 8: “It is therefore essential for hotel management to develop HRM practices that enable them to inspire and retain competent employees …This implies that it is beneficial for hotel managers to understand what practices are most favourable to increase employee satisfaction and retention”.

good = competent

staff = employee

28. Đáp án: D

Keywords: actions, managers, staff, feel, shouldn’t, move, different, employer

Đoạn 5: “Ng and Sorensen (2008) demonstrated that when managers provide recognition to employees, motivate employees to work together, and remove obstacles preventing effective performance, employees feel more obligated to stay with the company”.

29. Đáp án: B

Keywords: little, done, hospitality, help workers, improve skills

Đoạn 4: “Lucas also points out that “the substance of HRM practices does not appear to be designed foster constructive relations with employees or to represent a management approach that enables developing and drawing out the full potential of people,…”

30. Đáp án: D

Keywords: staff, less likely, change, jobs, cooperation, encouraged

Đoạn 5: “Ng and Sorensen (2008) demonstrated that when managers provide recognition to employees, motivate employees to work together, and remove obstacles preventing effective performance, employees feel more obligated to stay with the company”.

cooperation = work together

encourage = motivate

31. Đáp án: C

Keywords: dissatisfaction, pay, reason, hospitality, workers, change, jobs

Đoạn 4: “Among the many cited reasons are low compensation, inadequate benefits, poor working conditions and compromised employee morale and attitudes (Maroudas et al., 2008)”.

pay = compensation

change jobs = employee turnover

32. Đáp án: YES

Keywords: one, reason, high staff turnover, hospitality industry, poor morale

Đoạn 4: “Among the many cited reasons are low compensation, inadequate benefits, poor working conditions and compromised employee morale and attitudes (Maroudas et al., 2008)”.

compromised ~ poor morale

33. Đáp án: NO

Keywords: research, staff, tendency, dislike, workplace

Đoạn 6: “While it seems likely that employees’ reactions to their job characteristics could be affected by a predisposition to view their work environment negatively, no evidence exists to support this hypothesis (Spector et al., 2000)”.

tendency = predisposition

dislike = view negatively

workplace = work environment

34. Đáp án: NO

Keywords: improvement, working conditions, job security, makes, staff, satisfied

Đoạn 9: “Significantly, though, just fulfilling these needs does not result in satisfaction, but only in the reduction of dissatisfaction (Maroudas et al., 2008)”.

35. Đáp án: NOT GIVEN

Keywords: staff, allowed, choose, breaks, working day

Đoạn cuối: “Those particularly appropriate to the hospitality industry include allowing adequate breaks during the working day, staff functions that involve families, and providing health and well-being opportunities”.

36. Đáp án: restaurants

Keywords: Tews, Michel, Stafford, research, staff, American chain

Đoạn 11: “Tews, Michel and Stafford (2013) conducted a study focusing on staff from a chain of themed restaurants in the United States”.

research = study

37. Đáp án: performance

Keywords: activities, staff, fun, improved, management, involvement, lower

Đoạn 11: “It was found that fun activities had a favourable impact on performace”.

discovered = found

38. Đáp án: turnover

Keywords: activities, staff, fun, improved, management, involvement, lower

Đoạn 11: “…. and manager support for fun had a favorable impact in reducing turnover”.

lower = reduce

39. Đáp án: goals

Keywords: activities, needed, fit, company’s

Đoạn 11: “Their findings support the view that fun may indeed have a beneficial effect, but the framing of that fun must be carefully aligned with both organizational goals and employee characteristics”.

fit = align with

40. Đáp án: characteristics

Keywords: activities, needed, fit, company’s

Đoạn 11: “Their findings support the view that fun may indeed have a beneficial effect, but the framing of that fun must be carefully aligned with both organizational goals and employee characteristics”.

fit = align with

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